Childinfo.org: Statistics by Area - Maternal mortality - Trends in estimates of maternal mortality ratio (MMR, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) by 5-year intervals, 1990

Last update: Jun 2012

Trends in estimates of maternal mortality ratio (MMR, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) by 5-year intervals, 1990–2010, by country

Source: UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (MMEIG) WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, WB,

Countries and Territories	Maternal Mortality Ratio^a					Percentage change in MMR between 1990 and 2010	Average annual percentage change in MMR between 1990 and 2010^b
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Countries and Territories	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	Percentage change in MMR between 1990 and 2010
Afghanistan	1300	1300	1000	710	460	–65	–5.1
Albania	48	43	39	31	27	–44	–2.9
Algeria	220	180	140	110	97	–56	–4.0
Angola	1200	1200	890	650	450	–62	–4.7
Argentina	71	60	63	69	77	9	0.4
Armenia	46	47	38	34	30	–35	–2.1
Australia	10	13	9	7	7	–24	–1.4
Austria	10	7	5	5	4	–59	–4.4
Azerbaijan	56	81	65	52	43	–23	–1.3
Bahamas	52	56	56	47	47	–9	–0.4
Bahrain	23	21	22	21	20	–13	–0.7
Bangladesh	800	560	400	330	240	–70	–5.9
Barbados	120	39	49	41	51	–56	–4.0
Belarus	37	28	31	20	4	–88	–10.2
Belgium	10	10	9	8	8	–26	–1.5
Belize	71	32	100	77	53	–25	–1.4
Benin	770	660	530	430	350	–55	–3.9
Bhutan	1000	670	430	270	180	–82	–8.3
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	450	360	280	240	190	–57	–4.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	18	14	10	9	8	–56	–4.0
Botswana	140	210	350	330	160	14	0.7
Brazil	120	96	81	67	56	–51	–3.5
Brunei Darussalam	29	25	24	25	24	–16	–0.9
Bulgaria	24	23	28	13	11	–53	–3.7
Burkina Faso	700	560	450	370	300	–57	–4.1
Burundi	1100	1100	1000	910	800	–26	–1.5
Cambodia	830	750	510	340	250	–70	–5.8
Cameroon	670	720	730	720	690	3	0.2
Canada	6	7	7	11	12	101	3.6
Cape Verde	200	200	170	110	79	–61	–4.7
Central African Republic	930	1000	1000	1000	890	–4	–0.2
Chad	920	1000	1100	1100	1100	15	0.7
Chile	56	40	29	26	25	–56	–4.0
China	120	84	61	45	37	–70	–5.9
Colombia	170	130	130	100	92	–45	–2.9
Comoros	440	380	340	310	280	–36	–2.2
Congo	420	480	540	550	560	33	1.5
Costa Rica	38	45	47	50	40	4	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	710	660	590	510	400	–43	–2.8
Croatia	8	14	11	14	17	102	3.6
Cuba	63	61	63	67	73	16	0.7
Cyprus	17	17	15	12	10	–42	–2.7
Czech Republic	15	9	7	7	5	–65	–5.1
Democratic People's Republic of Korea	97	140	120	85	81	–16	–0.9
Democratic Republic of the Congo	930	870	770	660	540	–42	–2.7
Denmark	13	19	8	7	12	–3	–0.1
Djibouti	290	290	290	220	200	–31	–1.9
Dominican Republic	220	170	130	130	150	–32	–1.9
Ecuador	180	150	130	110	110	–42	–2.7
Egypt	230	150	100	78	66	–71	–6
El Salvador	150	130	110	94	81	–46	–3.1
Equatorial Guinea	1200	1000	450	270	240	–81	–7.9
Eritrea	880	550	390	300	240	–73	–6.3
Estonia	48	46	28	23	2	–95	–14
Ethiopia	950	880	700	510	350	–64	–4.9
Fiji	32	33	31	29	26	–18	–1.0
Finland	7	5	5	6	5	–30	–1.7
France	13	13	10	8	8	–35	–2.1
Gabon	270	260	270	260	230	–15	–0.8
Gambia	700	650	520	430	360	–50	–3.4
Georgia	63	75	58	61	67	7	0.3
Germany	13	9	7	7	7	–43	–2.8
Ghana	580	590	550	440	350	–40	–2.6
Greece	6	2	5	3	3	–55	–3.9
Grenada	34	32	27	25	24	–30	–1.8
Guatemala	160	160	130	120	120	–27	–1.5
Guinea	1200	1100	970	800	610	–50	–3.4
Guinea-Bissau	1100	1000	970	890	790	–29	–1.7
Guyana	180	170	220	280	280	51	2.1
Haiti	620	550	460	410	350	–43	–2.7
Honduras	220	180	160	130	100	–52	–3.7
Hungary	23	23	10	10	21	–5	–0.3
Iceland	8	7	7	6	5	–30	–1.8
India	600	480	390	280	200	–66	–5.2
Indonesia	600	420	340	270	220	–63	–4.9
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	120	72	48	30	21	–81	–8.1
Iraq	89	84	78	74	63	–29	–1.7
Ireland	6	4	6	2	6	–12	–0.6
Israel	12	10	9	7	7	–44	–2.8
Italy	10	6	4	5	4	–65	–5.2
Jamaica	59	62	83	89	110	92	3.3
Japan	12	9	10	7	5	–56	–4.0
Jordan	110	88	79	72	63	–42	–2.7
Kazakhstan	92	90	70	50	51	–44	–2.9
Kenya	400	460	490	450	360	–9	–0.5
Kuwait	11	10	9	8	14	24	1.1
Kyrgyzstan	73	98	82	77	71	–3	–0.2
Lao People's Democratic Republic	1600	1200	870	650	470	–70	–5.9
Latvia	57	58	43	21	34	–40	–2.5
Lebanon	52	46	38	31	25	–52	–3.6
Lesotho	520	540	690	720	620	19	0.9
Liberia	1200	1900	1300	1100	770	–38	–2.4
Libya	99	76	67	61	58	–42	–2.7
Lithuania	34	21	21	11	8	–78	–7.2
Luxembourg	6	11	11	17	20	222	6
Madagascar	640	550	400	310	240	–62	–4.7
Malawi	1100	1000	840	630	460	–59	–4.4
Malaysia	53	44	39	34	29	–45	–3.0
Maldives	830	390	190	94	60	–93	–12.3
Mali	1100	930	740	620	540	–51	–3.5
Malta	14	13	12	10	8	–42	–2.7
Mauritania	760	690	630	560	510	–33	–2.0
Mauritius	68	66	28	32	60	–12	–0.6
Mexico	92	85	82	54	50	–45	–3.0
Micronesia (Federated States of)	140	130	130	110	100	–28	–1.6
Mongolia	120	110	96	84	63	–49	–3.4
Montenegro	8	10	11	9	8	–6	–0.3
Morocco	300	230	170	130	100	–65	–5.1
Mozambique	910	800	710	630	490	–46	–3.1
Myanmar	520	380	300	230	200	–62	–4.8
Namibia	200	200	280	310	200	2	0.1
Nepal	770	550	360	250	170	–78	–7.3
Netherlands	10	12	13	8	6	–44	–2.9
New Zealand	18	13	12	15	15	–15	–0.8
Nicaragua	170	150	130	110	95	–44	–2.9
Niger	1200	1100	870	720	590	–52	–3.6
Nigeria	1100	1000	970	820	630	–41	–2.6
Norway	9	4	8	9	7	–26	–1.5
Occupied Palestinian Territory	90	72	64	67	64	–29	–1.7
Oman	110	74	51	39	32	–72	–6.2
Pakistan	490	440	380	310	260	–46	–3
Panama	100	110	110	100	92	–9	–0.5
Papua New Guinea	390	330	310	270	230	–41	–2.6
Paraguay	120	120	110	110	99	–16	–0.9
Peru	200	170	120	90	67	–66	–5.2
Philippines	170	140	120	110	99	–43	–2.8
Poland	17	14	8	5	5	–72	–6.1
Portugal	15	10	8	8	8	–48	–3.2
Puerto Rico	33	35	26	22	20	–40	–2.5
Qatar	15	13	11	9	7	–53	–3.7
Republic of Korea	18	18	19	17	16	–9	–0.5
Republic of Moldova	62	60	39	25	41	–33	–2
Romania	170	72	52	30	27	–84	–8.8
Russian Federation	74	72	57	37	34	–55	–3.9
Rwanda	910	1000	840	550	340	–63	–4.9
Saint Lucia	64	55	46	40	35	–46	–3
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	59	87	88	64	48	–18	–1
Samoa	260	180	150	120	100	-60	-4.5
Sao Tome and Principe	150	120	110	87	70	–54	–3.8
Saudi Arabia	44	33	27	25	24	–45	–3
Senegal	670	590	500	430	370	–45	–3
Serbia	23	25	12	10	12	–46	–3
Sierra Leone	1300	1300	1300	1000	890	–30	–1.8
Singapore	6	6	15	9	3	–40	–2.5
Slovakia	15	10	13	6	6	–58	–4.3
Slovenia	11	13	12	14	12	7	0.4
Solomon Islands	150	120	120	110	93	–36	–2.2
Somalia	890	970	1000	1000	1000	15	0.7
South Africa	250	260	330	360	300	21	0.9
Spain	7	4	5	6	6	–16	–0.9
Sri Lanka	85	74	58	44	35	–59	–4.3
Sudan	1000	930	870	800	730	–27	–1.6
Suriname	84	39	130	110	130	55	2.2
Swaziland	300	290	360	420	320	7	0.3
Sweden	6	5	5	4	4	–32	–1.9
Switzerland	7	6	6	6	8	16	0.7
Syrian Arab Republic	240	160	120	89	70	–70	–5.9
Tajikistan	94	160	120	79	65	–31	–1.8
Thailand	54	54	66	54	48	–11	–0.6
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	16	14	15	10	10	–37	–2.3
Timor-Leste	1000	880	610	410	300	–71	–6
Togo	620	540	440	370	300	–51	–3.5
Tonga	67	86	87	100	110	70	2.7
Trinidad and Tobago	86	90	59	59	46	–47	–3.1
Tunisia	130	110	84	68	56	–57	–4.1
Turkey	67	51	39	28	20	–69	–5.8
Turkmenistan	82	94	91	76	67	–18	–1
Uganda	600	590	530	420	310	–47	–3.2
Ukraine	49	45	35	25	32	–34	–2
United Arab Emirates	24	16	14	13	12	–49	–3.3
United Kingdom	10	10	12	13	12	23	1.1
United Republic of Tanzania	870	840	730	610	460	–47	–3.2
United States of America	12	12	14	18	21	65	2.5
Uruguay	39	35	35	31	29	–26	–1.5
Uzbekistan	59	36	33	32	28	–53	–3.7
Vanuatu	220	180	120	110	110	–52	–3.6
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	94	98	91	94	92	–2	–0.1
Viet Nam	240	160	100	74	59	–76	–6.9
Yemen	610	520	380	270	200	–67	–5.3
Zambia	470	530	540	500	440	–7	–0.4
Zimbabwe	450	540	640	690	570	28	1.2

UNICEF Regions	Maternal Mortality Ratio^a					Percentage change in MMR between 1990 and 2010	Average annual percentage change in MMR between 1990 and 2010^b
UNICEF Regions	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	Percentage change in MMR between 1990 and 2010
Africa	760	740	670	570	460	–39	–2.5
Sub-Saharan Africa	850	820	740	630	500	–41	–2.6
Eastern and Southern Africa	740	720	640	530	410	–45	–2.9
West and Central Africa	940	910	820	700	570	–39	–2.5
Middle East and North Africa	290	260	220	190	170	–42	–2.7
Asia	410	340	280	210	160	–61	–4.6
South Asia	620	500	410	300	220	–64	–5
East Asia and the Pacific	210	160	130	100	82	–62	–4.7
Latin America and Caribbean	140	120	100	88	81	–41	–2.6
Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CEE/CIS)	70	61	49	36	32	–54	–3.8
Industrialized countries	12	11	11	12	12	2	0.1
Developing countries	440	400	350	290	240	–47	–3.1
Least developed countries	870	790	660	540	430	–51	–3.5
World	400	360	320	260	210	–47	–3.1
Estimates have been computed to ensure comparability across countries; thus they are not necessarily the same as official statistics of the countries, which may use alternative rigorous methods. a MMR estimates have been rounded according to the following scheme: <100, no rounding; 100–999, rounded to nearest 10; and >1000, rounded to nearest 100. The numbers of maternal deaths have been rounded as follows: <1000, rounded to nearest 10; 1000–9999, rounded to nearest 100; and >10 000, rounded to nearest 1000. b Negative values indicate a decreasing MMR from 1990 to 2010, while positive values indicate an increasing MMR.